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What are the most important Chinese characters?

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[see the website based on the book –

https://www.hanzi-explorer.com/ ]

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This book, Chinese by Numbers, lists 7200 Chinese characters, but what are the most important characters?

I have chosen these 120 characters as the most common or important characters, reading down the columns from left to right. Of course, 的 is the most important of all, as it modifies many word types to create adjectives, indicate possession and has many other uses. Click on the picture to visit my new website based on the book and search for characters in the most amazing ways (… once you get the hang of it.)

There are plenty more Chinese characters to learn, but these would be a head start. In Chinese by Numbers it is easy to see how important each character is just by the font-size. The larger the font-size the more important and vice-versa. Read more about this book on the other pages of this site.

的 de indicates possession; adjectival modifier; various grammatical uses
人 rén Humanity; adult man or woman; person with a specific occupation; character; state of health; manpower
上 shàng Up; high quality; preceding; former; upward; go up; go to; go ahead; appear on stage; serve (dishes); replenish; fix in place; apply; wind up; start work; in progress; on
中 zhōng Middle; China; amid; medium; evenhanded; go-between; suitable for; all right
下 xià Next; down; low; downward; under; time; descend; come down (e.g. rain); exit; put in; play (chess); unload; capture; yield; finish (work or study); used after a verb to indicate downward motion or completion
大 dà Large
小 xiǎo Small; of short duration; less than; younger; my
是 shì Yes; is; right; many grammatical uses
没 méi Have not; is not; did not; none; not as (in comparisons)
有 yǒu Have; exist; is; various related grammatic uses
不 bù Not; non; no; isn’t; can’t; or not
在 zài Exist; in, at, on etc.; remain; belong to; rely on; indicates something is in progress; add emphasis to a negative statement
于 yú In, on (a date); serves as a general preposition or verb suffix corresponding to ‘to’, ‘from’, ‘by’ and ‘than’
前 qián Front; straight ahead; ago; former; prior; future
者 zhě used as a suffix to indicate a person of a certain type or profession
会 huì Assemble; meet; society; main city; opportunity; understand; able to; excel at; likely to
号 hào Name; alias; firm; sign; number; size; type; numeric identifier; score
我 wǒ I; me; self
和 hé And; together; peace; harmony; gentle; a draw; of Japan
你 nǐ You; anyone
用 yòng Use; expense; need to; purpose
之 zhī Leave for; indicates possession; other various grammatical uses
好 hǎo Good; well; good health; friendly; OK; Hmm; easy; may; should; very; how much
了 le Indicates an action completed; various grammatical purposes
年 nián Year; annual; age; stage in life; times; New Year festival or associated things
月 yuè Moon; moon-shaped; month; monthly
日 rì Day; sun; a period of one day; daily; a particular day (e.g. birthday)
为 wéi Do; act as; become; be; various syntactic uses
为 wèi For; for the sake of; to; protect
名 míng Name; so-called; fame; well-known; measure word for people
一 yī One; a; same; also; whole; used with verbs or between repeated verbs to indicate short duration or a single action; various grammatical uses
二 èr Two; different
三 sān Three; several
四 sì Four
五 wǔ Five
六 liù Six
十 shí Ten; ultimate
个 gè A general measure word; individual
次 cì Order; rank; times; sub-standard; hypo-; measure word for occurrence
元 yuán First; principal; fundamental; unit
新 xīn New; make anew
市 shì City; market; buying and selling; municipality; unit (as in unit of weight etc.)
与 yǔ And; with; grant; be on good terms; commend; await
与 yù Take part in
内 nèi In; wife or wife’s relative; internal organ; imperial palace
本 běn This; root; basis; capital; chief; original; our; according to; book; edition; measure word for books, plants
地 de used as an adverbial modifier
地 dì Earth; geo-; land; field; place; position; situation; distance
这 zhè This
此 cǐ This; here and now; like this
建 jiàn Build; set up; advocate; Fujian province
全 quán All; complete; keep intact; wholly
时 shí Time; fixed time; season; present; fashion; chance; occasionally; tense (grammar)
也 yě Also; various related grammatical uses
还 hái Still; too; quite; even; or
出 chū Go out; come out; exceed; give; produce; publish; emit; become conspicuous; spend
去 qù Go; leave; lose; get rid of; pass away; modifying verbs to indicate timing or direction
到 dào Arrive; go to; indicating a completed action; thoughtful
他 tā He; something else; another
性 xìng Nature; property or quality; suffix indicating a quality; sexual; sex; gender (linguistics)
就 jiù At once; already; as soon as; then; as many as; just; only; come near; undertake; suffer; make; go with; concerning
部 bù Department; part; ministry; region
吗 ma Question marker at the end of a sentence
家 jiā Home; family; a person in a certain trade; specialist; school of thought; domestic; a measure word for family or business
可 kě Indicates possibility; approve; can; yet; so; ever (in rhetorical questions); suit
件 jiàn Measure word for matters or clothes; item; document
里 lǐ Inside; in; lining; neighbourhood; native place; a unit of length of 500 metres; indicating a place in adverbs of place
最 zuì Most; best
回 huí Return; turn around; reply; circle; report back; measure word for occurrences; Muslim
万 wàn Ten thousand; large number; absolutely
能 néng Talent; energy; capable; can
爱 ài Love; enjoy; care about; tend to
所 suǒ Place; office; measure word for buildings; various grammatical uses as an auxiliary
后 hòu After; back; last; offspring; empress
分 fēn Divide; assign; distinguish; branch; fraction; identifies the denominator; a single unit in many systems of measurement
分 fèn Component; natural limit; affection
种 zhǒng Species; race; seed; courage; measure word for type, sort or kind
将 jiāng Be going to do; support; take care of; breed; provoke; with (in idioms); and
很 hěn Very
而 ér And; (conjunction with various grammatical purposes)
数 shǔ Count; enumerate; reckon
数 shù Number; numeral; fate; a few; approximately
天 tiān Day; sky; Heaven; season; weather; innate; God
无 wú Nil; without; no; regardless of
被 bèi Indic. passive tense; quilt
只 zhī Single; measure word for animals, boats and certain paired things
只 zhǐ Only; just
都 dōu All; whole of; even; already
做 zuò Do; write; compose; engage in; become; be used as; agree to a relationship; pretend
已 yǐ Already; cease; thereafter
长 cháng Long; length; forte; surplus
行 xíng Go; walk; trip; travel; temporary; do; behaviour; OK; competent; shall; (of medicine) take effect
行 háng Row; profession; business; position in a family; measure word for lines of things
等 děng Wait; till; kind; grade; equal; and so on; indicating plural
再 zài Again; continue
以 yǐ With; by means of; according to; because of; so as to; at (a point in time); used in compounds to indicate relative time or place
说 shuō Say; explain; doctrine; scold; matchmake; indicate
着 zhe Verb suffix usually indicating continuation of action
着 zhāo A move in a chess game; trick; add; all right
着 zháo Touch; feel; burn; after a verb to indicate achievement; fall asleep
着 zhuó Wear (clothes); touch; apply; whereabouts; dispatch
位 wèi Position; location; throne; digit; measure word for people
把 bǎ Handle; hold; control; guard; near; bind. Measure word for objects with handles. Used before the object of a verb when it precedes the verb.
吧 ba (Used at the end of a sentence to suggest; approve; doubt; presume)
难 nán Difficult; cause difficulties; not easy; displeasing
难 nàn Tragedy; take to task
来 lái Come; occur; do; future; past; various grammatical uses to modify verbs
站 zhàn Stand; stop; station; service centres
每 měi Each; every; often
起 qǐ Rise; remove; appear; initiate; draft; establish; get; indicates start point; measure word for instances; indicates upward direction; afford; links verb and object
男 nán Male; son
女 nǚ Woman
几 jǐ How many?; several
几 jī Small table; almost
各 gè Each; various; respectively
谁 shéi Who; in rhetorical questions to indicate no one or anyone
找 zhǎo Look for; give change
子 zǐ Son; child; humans; ancient term of respect; philosophy; seed; egg; subsidiary; a small hard lump; a measure word for a small bundle held in the hand; first Earthly Branch
子 zi Noun suffix
字 zì Word; Chinese character; pronunciation; handwriting style; receipt; alias;
那 nà That; there; so
哪 nǎ Which; where
事 shì Matter; trouble; job; responsibility; attend upon
得 dé Get; equals; complacent; be done; expressing anguish; used for special grammatical purposes
得 de after a verb indicates possibility
得 děi Need; have to; be sure to; cozy
真 zhēn True; really; distinctly; regular Chinese script; image; natural state
对 duì Correct; face; oppose; compare; opposite; treat; measure word for pair or couple; concerning
看 kàn Look; consider; call on; regard; treat (a patient); look after; caution!
见 jiàn See; meet with; appear to be; refer to; opinion
加 jiā Add; increase; append
更 gèng More; further
多 duō Many; much; in excess; more than; how much; emphasis applied to extent
少 shǎo Less; few; missing; owe; a moment

Available from:

http://www.amazon.com/Chinese-Numbers-ultimate-method-characters/dp/1922022241/a 

http://www.bookdepository.com/Chinese-by-Numbers-David-Pearce/9781922022240

http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/chinese-by-numbers-david-j-pearce/1110603411?ean=9781922022240

Australian sales:

http://www.vividpublishing.com.au/chinesebynumbers/

UK sales:

http://www.amazon.co.uk/Chinese-Numbers-ultimate-method-characters/dp/1922022241/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1336792167&sr=8-1

Misadventures with Chinese Dictionaries

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Here are some reasons for using Chinese by Numbers instead of a typical Chinese dictionary.

To illustrate this case I will use the Oxford Concise Chinese-English Dictionary, which boasts around 4000 characters and which I have used for over ten years. It is a great small dictionary. I will also be using the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary which I bought in China. This is also excellent, has 2700 pages and a total of over 8000 characters, including several hundred that cannot be written with a standard computer, and hence are not in my book. Here are some examples that I might want to look for:

Case one. Let us start with 韩. I see this character often in my newspaper and I want to find out its meaning, so I look it up in my Oxford. I start with the left side and look for the radical. Count strokes, eight. Search for radical. First problem is that the left-hand side is not a radical. Abandon that search. Return to search for the right-hand side. Count strokes, 4. Search for radical. Find radical. Search through radical index, but still I can’t find it! Why is this very common character not in my Concise Oxford? Repeat the process in my Contemporary Chinese Dictionary and find the character is located on page 763. (By now, several minutes of searching has elapsed.) I turn to page 763 and am confounded to find that the character refers to a state of the Zhou dynasty, a thousand years ago. But why is it so prominent in my newspaper? Turn to Chinese by Numbers: Look up any part of the character and quite quickly find entry 2036, which is “Korea.” Now I know my newspaper article is all about South Korea.

Case two. Suppose I come across this character, 莉, searching through my Concise Oxford again does not find it. I will try the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary. The character has three possible radicals, so which is the radical to search on? Characters with 艹 cover three pages of my radical index! Characters with seven other strokes occupy two columns of that index. I don’t want to wade through that many, but it is not listed under 禾 or 刂. Turn to “Chinese by Numbers” and look up艹 in combination with either禾 or 刂, or禾 and 刂 separately or together. Find it quickly. Along the way find this fact – all characters containing 利 are pronounced lì, without exception. Remember that for future use.

Case three. I am looking for this character, 氯, and again my Concise Oxford lets me down. It is not there. But this time I recognise the lower part of the character as lù. Because I have this knowledge, this time I go straight for “Chinese by Numbers.” In the pinyin index I find the component lù 录 and from there I can quickly find the Chinese character for Chlorine. I realise that having a good dictionary is vital, but finding characters quickly is better with a specialised book.

Read other pages on this site for more information,  or make an online purchase and see for yourself.

[NOTE: Chinese by Numbers is a ‘print on demand’ book. Each order is printed individually, especially for you, so the price is higher than other books sold from remainder stock.]

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